Uncertainty Assessments of Load Deformation from Different GPS Time Series Products, GRACE Estimates and Model Predictions: A Case Study over Europe

A good understanding of the accuracy Global Positioning System (GPS) surface displacements provided by different processing centers plays an important role in load deformation analysis. We estimate noise level both vertical and horizontal directions for four representative GPS time series products, compare results with derived from Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity measurements climate models Europe. For extracted linear trend signals, differences among are small all three (east, north, up) directions, while annual signals large. The mean standard deviations amplitudes retrieved 3.54 mm component (69% signal itself) ~ 0.3 (30% itself). Scripps Orbit Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) MEaSUREs have lowest respectively. Through consistency/discrepancy analysis GPS, GRACE, model series, we find that Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Nevada Geodetic (NGL) show consistency, SOPAC agreements GRACE model, substantially large amplitude. discuss possible reasons notable products.